Rachel-Mohammed A. Bamyeh-postnationalism

After World War II, post nationalism started to spread in Europe. Although both World War I and World War II were nationalist wars, the outcomes of the wars were very different. After World War II, Western Europe implemented strategies such as building structures and institutions in order to gain interdependence. At this time, the nations realized that being dominant over one another does not necessarily ensure peace and Western Europe wanted interdependence rather than a competition for dominance. Furthermore, sovereignty was becoming more widespread, which is another precondition for nationalism.
This article highlights important topics such as the three common features of post national culture, the four types of post national solidarity, spiritual solidarities, and material solidarities. I found the section discussing spiritual solidarities very interesting.For example, spiritual solidarities has to do with the growth of religion in the late 1970s. There were more weak interpretations of of Eastern spirituality being accepted in the west. This type promotes personal growth and for people to connect through the use of meditation. The other version, or "strong" version. In this, the spirituality is built through the formation of institutions such as schools, hospitals, and banks. How do wars affect religion and the religious practices of the society.
Furthermore, humanist solidarities are discussed later in the article. In this type of solidarity it is understood that within humanity there are shared interests. These shared interests go beyond that of economic competition and dominance for national borders. Examples of these shared interests are environmentalism, pacificism, human rights, femininsm, and many others. Also, the topic of life-emancipatory solidarities is discussed. These are all about liberation and freedom from areas of life that cause great restrictions. An example of the way this is expressed is through musical styles and youth movements. For instance, the popularity of rap music is such that it has spread to all different areas of the world. The increased discussion and expressionof homosexuality is another. Global trends are a major factor of life-emancipatory solidarities.