The Age of Empire (5-8)

In chapter five, "Workers of the World," Hobsbawm examines how the formation of a democratic political structure induced the inevitable dissent of a growing class possessed with a class consciousness that would readily dismantle the status quo of modern society. Known as the proletariats, this disconnected and non homogenous working class managed to unify and form movements and parties that articulated their powerful political (and societal) significance. In chapter six, "Waving Flags: Nations and Nationalism," Hobsbawm discusses another by product of the politics of democratization, which was the ascent of nationalism in politics. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the ideological and political concept of nationalism dramatically evolved and ultimately erupted via World War I. Chapter seven, "Who's Who or the Uncertainties of the Bourgeoisie," focuses on the bourgeoisie, the belle epoque lifestyle, its vulnerability during the expansion of democracy and the emergence of the emancipated woman. Finally, in chapter eight, "The New Woman," Hobsbawm examines in more depth the modifications in the circumstances of middle to upper class women during the late 19th and early 20th century; from later-in-life marriages and fewer children, to more freedom of movement and greater job opportunities and thus greater economic autonomy, women in the upper strata of 'developed' countries finally experienced unchartered levels of independence that illustrated the progression of the modern democratic system.

What I found most interesting was Hobsbawm's assertion that fashion during the early 20th century articulated the composition of the 'New Woman' by asserting her sexuality and subverting her societal gender characteristics. The coupling reiterated the newfound freedom of movement and Hobsbawm wonders what else this movement indicates. I think the fashion boldly indicated that the 'New Woman' insists on sculpting her role in the patriarchal system. She is not a doll but a thinking and sexual person.

I wish that Hobsbawm examined what the 'New Woman' thought about the working class woman. The modifications and dynamics emerge due to the advancement of the bourgeoisie. But of course traditional concepts of gender roles/ societal values still existed. It seems like certain socioeconomic classes can eschew certain ideas but still uphold them when it involves people outside of their class.

-Lolia